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Natural Vanilla Flavor
People who prefer not to use an alcohol-based extract can substitute natural
vanilla flavor found in natural and specialty food stores and some supermarkets.
It usually is made with a glycerin or a propylene glycol base. Although the
flavor comes from vanilla beans, it doesn't fit the FDA profile for extracts, so
it must legally be called natural vanilla flavor.
Note: The texture of natural vanilla - especially in a glycerin base - is
viscous and a little darker than vanilla extract. It also smells somewhat
different. In uncooked foods and beverages it tastes fairly similar but with a
slight aftertaste; in cooked or baked foods, it's more similar to extract.
Vanilla - Vanillin Flavoring
Vanilla flavor is a mixture of pure vanilla extract and synthetic substances,
most commonly, synthetic vanillin. (Note: this product cannot legally have
"natural" on the label.) There are a couple of common brands that contain a
blend of natural and synthetic vanillas. If you grew up with a natural/synthetic
blend, this may taste more familiar to you than a pure extract.
Imitation Vanilla
Imitation vanilla is a mixture made from synthetic substances, which imitate
part of natural vanilla smell and flavor. Imitation vanilla in the United States
comes from synthetic vanillin, which mimics the flavor of natural vanillin, one
of the components that gives vanilla its extraordinary bouquet.
The first synthetics were made in Germany in the 1870s because pure vanilla was
so expensive that only the wealthy could afford it. It was first made from
coniferin, the glucoside that makes some pines smell a little like vanilla. In
the 1890s a French chemist created a synthetic from euganol, found in cloves.
The two most common sources for synthetic vanillin have been Lignin Vanillin, a
by-product of the paper industry, which has been chemically treated to resemble
the taste of pure vanilla extract, and Ethyl Vanillin, which is a coal-tar
derivative and frequently far stronger than either Lignin Vanillin or pure
vanilla.
In the 1930s, the Ontario Paper Company, was struggling with the sulphite
liquor, a by-product of paper making, which was polluting local streams near
their plant. Company chemists realized it could be turned into synthetic
vanillin, a viable but curious ecological solution to a big problem. If you grew
up on synthetics, imitation vanilla will be a familiar flavor for you. Given the
fact that vanilla isn't that expensive, you might consider learning to enjoy the
real deal.
Natural Vanillin
Natural vanillin is one of the over two hundred organic components that make up
the flavor and aroma of vanilla, and it's the one we most associate with
vanilla. Vanilla beans sometimes have pure vanillin crystals that develop on the
bean's surface. The crystals give off an iridescent sparkle in sunlight and are
quite edible.
Coumarin
Coumarin is a derivative of the tonka bean, which comes from Dipteryx ordorata,
a tree native to Brazil. Some of the organic constituents that make up its
flavor are similar to, or the same as, those in pure vanilla. Coumarin is
frequently found in synthetic vanillas from Mexico, Central America and the
Caribbean as it's cheap and it makes synthetic vanilla taste more like the
natural. Unfortunately, coumarin is considered toxic, especially to the liver,
and potentially carcinogenic, and has been banned from the United States since
the 1950s. (Dicumarol, which is a derivative of coumarin, is the active
ingredient in certain blood-thinning medications, and is legal in the United
States.)
Cookie Vanilla
Cookie Vanilla is a brand name for a blend of vanillas created by one of the
American vanilla manufacturers. It's a blend of Tahitian and Bourbon vanilla,
which makes it sweet and floral. If you enjoy the flavor of Tahitian vanilla but
feel pure Tahitian vanilla is too expensive for your budget, then use Cookie
Vanilla or make your own blend of Tahitian and Bourbon vanilla extracts.
Vanilla Powder
There are several types of vanilla powders commercially available. Some are made
from sucrose that has been ribbon-sprayed with vanilla extract, and some are a
dextrose-vanilla extract mix. They are good for putting into beverages if you
want a slightly sweet product that dissolves easily. You can also mix them into
powdered or granulated sugar for a vanilla-flavored sugar and you can sprinkle
the powders on finished foods such as cinnamon/vanilla toast or...on top of the
family heirloom cake when it's warm from the oven. Be aware that many of the
vanilla powders from Europe are actually synthetic. Check the ingredients list
to see if it's natural or not.
Ground Vanilla Beans
Vanilla beans ground to a fine powder are sometimes confused with vanilla
powder. Ground vanilla beans are sometimes used in commercial and industrial
products. Ground vanilla is absolutely exquisite in food. Because it isn't in an
alcohol carrier, you won't lose flavor when you cook or bake with it. As a
result, you can use about half the amount of beans as extract.
Exhausted Vanilla Beans
Exhausted vanilla beans are the ground residue of the extraction process. They
may still hold some flavor and are added to commercial vanilla ice creams (often
called "vanilla-bean" ice cream), and other products. They are generally not
used in home cooking.
Single Fold, Double Fold, etc.
The word "fold" connotes concentration in liquid vanilla extracts and
synthetics. Single fold (written 1x) is the standard concentrate of pure vanilla
extract. Double fold (2x) is twice as strong, and so forth. Concentrations can
go up to 20-fold, but the extract isn't real stable above four-fold. In
candy-making, where liquids can change the chemistry of the finished product, a
multi-fold extract concentrate is useful.
Vanilla Paste
Vanilla paste is a sweet concentrated vanilla extract that has the vanilla bean
seeds included in the mix. It is very useful in cooking when you don't want to
add much additional liquid.
Vanilla Oleoresin
Vanilla oleoresin is a semi-solid concentrate obtained by removing the solvent
from the vanilla extract. A solution of isopropanol is frequently used instead
of ethanol for the preparation. Some flavor and aroma is lost during removal of
the solvent, but it does contain essential oils. Vanilla oleoresin is used in
non-food products. Unfortunately, it isn't always stable in candle and soap
making, which is too bad, as it's considerably less expensive than Vanilla
Absolute.
Vanilla Absolute
Vanilla absolute is the most concentrated form of vanilla. It is often used to
in perfumes and other aroma-based products. Because it's so expensive, most
candles, soaps, and other scented specialty merchandise, are made from synthetic
vanillin. Vanilla Absolute is used in very high-end products in small
quantities, often mixed with other fragrances in perfumes, for instance.
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